Forklift Safety in Ontario

What is a lift truck?

A lift truck, commonly known as a forklift, is a powered industrial truck used to lift and move materials short distances. They are essential equipment in various industries, including manufacturing, warehousing, construction, and retail. Forklifts typically use a hydraulic lifting mechanism and two forks at the front to raise and lower loads.

Classifications of lift trucks

Lift trucks are classified based on their fuel type, features, and intended use. Some common classifications include:

• Class I: Electric Motor Rider Trucks (counterbalanced rider forklifts)

• Class II: Electric Motor Narrow Aisle Trucks (reach trucks, order pickers)

• Class III: Electric Motor Hand Trucks or Hand/Rider Trucks (walkie stackers, pallet jacks)

• Class IV: Internal Combustion Engine Trucks (Solid/ Cushion Tires) - suitable for indoor/outdoor use on improved surfaces

• Class V: Internal Combustion Engine Trucks (Pneumatic Tires) - designed for outdoor use on rough terrain

• Class VII: Rough Terrain Forklift Trucks (typically used in construction and agriculture)

Legislation regarding lift trucks in Ontario

Ontario has specific legislation in place to ensure the safe operation of lift trucks and protect workers. Key legislation includes:

• Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA): This overarching legislation sets out the duties of employers, supervisors, and workers regarding workplace safety.

• Regulation 851 for Industrial Establishments: This regulation outlines specific requirements for material handling, including:

  • Section 45: Addresses material handling and the proper lifting, storage and placement and withdrawal of materials.

  • Section 51: Addresses the design and operation of lift trucks, including construction, load capacity, and maintenance.

• Regulation 213/91 for Construction Projects: This regulation also addresses material handling and includes :

  • Section 37: Material handling requirements.

Training requirements

Ontario law requires that all operators of lift trucks be adequately trained. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) standard B335-15, "Industrial Lift Trucks," provides guidelines for operator training, including:

• Basic training: Types of lift trucks, pre-use inspection, operating procedures, load handling, refueling/recharging, and safety practices.

• Specific training: Tailored to the specific type of lift truck and workplace hazards.

• Refresher training: Periodic retraining to maintain competency and address any changes in equipment or procedures.

Resources

Ministry of Labour, Immigration, Training and Skills Development (MLITSD)

https://www.ontario.ca/document/guideline-safe-operation-and-maintenance-powered-lift-trucks

Canadian Standards Association (CSA)

https://community.csagroup.org/login.jspa?referer=%252Findex.jspa

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS)

https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/safety_haz/forklift/operator.html

Lift truck manufacturers and dealers

Often provide resources specific to their equipment.

By understanding and following the relevant legislation and training requirements, workplaces can significantly reduce the risk of accidents and injuries associated with lift truck operations.